THE DISCOVERY OF BRAZIL

Brazil was discovered by a Portuguese expedition led by Admiral Peter Álvares Cabral, in 22 of April of 1500, after 44 days of trip. When discovered, the new land was called Island Vera Cross, after that Land of Vera Cross for, finally, receiving the name from Brazil, due to a name tree "Pau Brazil". "(...) in this coast we did not see advantage thing, except a infinity of trees Pau Brazil (...)" wrote Américo Vespúcio, in September of 1504. People without illusions, all the Portuguese had transformed Brazil into a great farm of Pau Brazil. The discovery of the "new land" very was well told by a letter sent to the king of Portugal for Pero Vaz de Caminha, registering, with details, the arrival to the land and the first contacts with the natives. Very little nations possess these data, but still thus the doubt hangs if the discovery was mere a perhaps or intentional one.

Brazil possesss a surface of 8.511.965 km2, representing geographically almost half of all the South America, a bigger area of the one than the union of all the European countries. Of all its territory, only 0.65% are represented by rivers and lagoons, despite the small number, are part of Brazilian territory one of the biggest affluent rivers of the world, River Amazon. Due to its immense extension, Brazil possess borders with almost all the sulamericans countries, except for Chile and Equator. One of main the attractive ones for the tourists is the immense coastal part that possess 7,408 quilometros of pretty beaches that are bathed by the warm Atlantic Ocean. The beaches possess different formations between itself, and each region of the country possess a attractive one to the part. From isolated and desert places, to the great cities, the Brazilian coast is always pretty, can be only one tourist point, a shelter, or a great port and commercial center. The territorial amplitude also includes other geographic beauties, as the open pasture, caatinga, and hinterland, beyond the Amazonian Forest and the Pantanal. Brazil possess one detached fluvial net where rivers of fast courses interrupted by waterfalls predominate that they favor its exploitation for the production of hydraulical energy.

THE CARNIVAL

The biggest party of Brazilian popular manifestation is the carnival, was created in the poor zones of Rio de Janeiro, in the slum quarters. One of the great peculiarities of this party is the capacity to join poor and rich. In the decade of 50, the carnival suffered a great transformation with the significant increase from the local social classrooms, including famous artists. Had the expectation that awoke, they started to appear commercial interests. In 1962, one constructed gratings in the Rio Branco Avenue, in Rio de Janeiro, to be able to sell entrances to the public, that before attended freely the parades of the samba schools. The transmission in nets of television in national scope of the parade of Carioca schools of samba, contributed for the spreading of the carnival, stimulating the formation of similar bosoms in the most diverse states of the country. With the construction of way of the samba, in Rio de Janeiro in 1984, it was accented belief of that to parade for a samba school gave status. The respect for the rules of the parade, judged for a jury formed for university and studious artists, musicians, intellectuals, professors, accents the values of the professional conscience and the artistic value.